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APLASTIC ANEMIA- disorder characterized by hyperplasia or aplasia (failure) resulting of bone marrow depression or destruction

CAUSES:

  • drug or chemical or the result of radiation damaged
  • caused by agents produced by marrow aplasia such as benzene derivatives, anti tumor agents
  • agents responsible for aplasia such as anti-convulsant, anti microbials, anti thyroids, antidiabetic, anti histamine, analgesics, sedatives, insecticides or heavy metal
  • toxic materials such as inorganic arsenic
  • viral infections especially hepatitis

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
1. abnormal bleeding resulting from thrombocytopenia
  • bleeding from gums, nose, gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary tract
  • purpura, petechiae, ecchymoses
2. anemia- resulting from depression of hemoglobin
  • pallor, weakness
  • exertional dyspnea, palpitations
3. infection with high fever- resulting from granulocytopenia
  • pharyngitis and oropharyngeal mucositis
  • sepsis via gastrointestinal tract or genitourinary tract


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