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BLEEDING ESOPHAGEAL VARICES - dilated tortuous veins usually found in the submucosa of the lower esophagus , it may extend up to the esophagus and down into the stomach
CAUSES:
- due to portal hypertension, which may result from obstruction of the portal venous circulation and cirrhosis of the liver
- due to abnormalities of the circulation of splenic vein or superior vena cava
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
- melena-passage of black tarry stools
- hematemesis- vomiting of blood
- rectal bleeding
MANAGEMENT:
1.to control hemorrhage -
2.surgical procedures-
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